Explanation On the Structure Of Graphite

GRAPHITE

Graphite is the substance widely found in pencil leads, lubricants and for electrolysis in separating various compounds.

• The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in a hexagonal structure where one carbon atom forms covalent bond with three surrounding atoms.  
• Now let us remember that carbon has a valency of 4 and can make four bonds. Therefore, as carbon had only made 3 bonds, the other free electron floats freely between two layers of carbon plates ( see below ). This free electron is delocalised and mobile thus can conduct electricity and gives graphite the property of an Electric Conductor despite being a non-metal.
• A force is created between these two layers of carbon with the aid of the electrons known as Van Der Waal forces.

In the case of pencils, it is layered structure of carbon  and the weak Van Der Waal forces that gives its slippery property to glide your pencil in your work. Still, this graphite is not pure but mixed with heated clay in order to give a darker color and better shades. 

In the case of electrolysis, it is the delocalised electron of carbon that allows electricity to pass through and avail in the task.